| Herbs | Scientific Name | Use of Herb |
|---|---|---|
| Allspice | pimenta | cakes cookies beef pork game stews |
| Allspice (1 tsp) | substitution | 1 tsp cinnamon plus 1 8 tsp ground cloves |
| Apple Pie Spice | substitution | 4 parts cinnamon 1 part nutmeg and 1 part ginger |
| Angelica | angelica archangelica | confectioneries |
| Anise | pimpinella anisum | soups sauces cookies licorice flavor use mostly the seeds |
| Annatto | bixa orellana | sauces coloring foods especially cheese |
| Arrowroot | Marantha arundinacea | thickening agent for sauces fruit pie fillings and glazes and puddings |
| Balm. Lemon | melissa officinalis | tea drinks salads fish chicken |
| Basil | ocimum baslicum | breads pasta salads all meats vegetables eggs |
| Basil. Lemon | ocimum citriodora | breads pasta salads all meats vegetables eggs |
| Basil. Ruffled | ocimum crispum | breads pasta salads all meats vegetables eggs |
| Bay Leaf | laurus nobilis | soups stews sauces rice dishes evergreen tree |
| Borage | borage officinalis | salads soups drinks cucumber-like flavor blossoms as garnish |
| Bouquet Garni | substitution | Equal measures of thyme parsley and crushed bay leaf OR equal measures of basil marjoram and summer savory |
| Burnet | sanguisorba minor | cool flavor similar to a cucumber salads and drinks |
| Chamomile | anthemis nobilis | tea sauces |
| Camphor Tree | cinnamomum camphora | tea bark used for smoking foods camphor smoked duck in Chinese cuisine |
| Capers | unopened buds of the caper bush | sauces cold roast meat condiment smoked seafood |
| Caraway | carum carvi | salads soups sauces stews roasts breads kummel and aquavit liqueur used seeds and fresh green leaves |
| Cardamom | elettaria cardamomum | other spice blends cookies coffee candies use seeds |
| Catnip | nepeta cataria | tea |
| Cayenne | capsicum minimum | all dishes a dried powder of ground hot peppers |
| Celery | apium graveolens dulce | vegetable salads soups sauces roasts stews all meats and fish |
| Celery Seed | apium graveolens | seeds taste like fresh celery cultivated wild celery"" |
| Chervil | anthriscus cerefolium | slight licorice flavor salads soups fish dishes |
| Chili Powder | spice blend | a blend of dried ancho chile oregano cumin and cloves or allspice soups salads all meats fish vegetables eggs cheese sauces |
| Chili Seasoning | substitution | 2 parts chili powder & 1 part paprika |
| Chives | allium schoenoprasum | soups salads meats fish condiments eggs cheese blossoms as a garnish |
| Chives. Garlic | allium tuberosom | soups salads meats fish condiments eggs cheese blossoms as a garnish stronger in flavor than regular chives |
| Cicely. Sweet | myrrhis odorata | licorice taste salads liqueurs use seeds and leaves desserts |
| Cilantro. Chinese Parsley. Fresh Coriander | coriandrum sativum | soups chutney fish chicken used in curry Middle Eastern Spanish Southwestern and Oriental cooking |
| Cinnamon | cinnamomum cassia | baking stews other spice blends court bouillon pickling chutney relishes powdered or sticks drinks spiced cider |
| Clary | salvia sclarea | type of sage salads fritters beer eggs stuffing |
| Clove | eugenia caryophyllata | baking desserts sauces soups stews meats court bouillon pickles spice blends unopened bud of the evergreen clove tree |
| Coriander | coriandrum sativum | salads sauces fish dishes chicken dishes oriental South western Spanish and middle eastern cuisine |
| Costmary | chrysanthemum balsamita | teas camphor mint-like fragrance poultry baking |
| Cream of Tartar | residue of fermented wine | stabilize egg white foams major ingredient in baking powder |
| Crocus. Saffron | crocus sativus | soups sauces fish and chicken dishes |
| Cumin | cuminum cyminum | other spice blends dried seeds |
| Curry Powder | substitution | Combine equal parts coriander cumin pepper turmeric and ginger 4 parts coriander 2 parts turmeric 2 parts cumin & 1 part ginger |
| Dandelion | taraxacum officinale | salads wine cooked as a vegetable |
| Dill | anethum graveolens | salads sauces soups pickles dips use with fish and vegetables |
| Dill Seed | anethum graveolens | use like dill leaves the blossoms may be used as a garnish |
| Fennel Flower | nigella sativa | desserts fritters garnish |
| Fennel Seeds | foeniculum vulgare | sauces sausage pork roasts |
| Fennel. Common | foeniculum vulgare | soups salads sauces seeds are used most often see above |
| Fennel. Italian | foeniculum vulgare piperitum | salads |
| Fennel. Sweet | foeniculum vulgare dulce | seeds used in sauces soups pasta cooked vegetable |
| Fenugreek | trigonella foenumgraecum | member of the pea family burnt sugar taste used in spice blends curry powder pickling spice chutney |
| Filé | sassafras | powdered leaves used to thicken gumbo s |
| Garlic | allium sativum | used in everything except desserts |
| Geraniums Rose | pelargonium graveolens | desserts jellies oils leaves have a rose-like aroma leaves as a garnish |
| Ginger | zingiber officinale | baking desserts soups salads vegetables meats poultry fish just about everything |
| Ginger. Wild | asarum canadense | grows throughout the Northeast not as flavorful as cultivated ginger leaves are different as well |
| Herbes de Provence | substitution | 4 parts thyme 4 parts savory 2 parts lavender & 1 part rosemary |
| Horehound | marrubium vulgare | tea candy in beer makes horehound ale |
| Horseradish | armoracia apathifolia | sauces salads sandwiches condiment |
| Hyssop | hyssopus officinalis | liqueurs ice cream tarragon rosemary mint-like flavor fish duck |
| Juniper Berries | juniperus communis | flavoring of gin sauces stews fish particularly gravlax |
| Lavender | lavandula officinalis | soups baking vegetables oils |
| Leek | allium porrum | soups sauces vegetables roasts fish chicken veal beef |
| Lemon Verbena | lippia citriodora | tea fruit salads jelly |
| Lovage | levisticum officinale | used as a confectionery like angelica root may be powdered |
| Mace | myristica fragrans | the outer web of the nutmeg berry soups sauces stews spice blends desserts vegetables |
| Marigold. Pot | calendula officinalis | leaves can be eaten in salads and flowers as a garnish also edible Adds a yellow color to cooked foods |
| Marjoram. Pot | majorana onites | fresh leaves in salads soups sauces dried in chicken and beef dishes sometimes fish eggs |
| Marjoram. Sweet | majorana hortensis | has a slightly sweeter aroma than the pot variety |
| Mint. Apple | mentha gentilis | sauces teas jellies candies drinks |
| Mint. Corsican | mentha requieni | sauces teas jellies candies drinks a creeping mint almost moss-like |
| Mint. Orange or Lemon | mentha citrata | sauces teas jellies candies drinks aka Bergamot mint |
| Mint. Peppermint | mentha piperita | sauces teas jellies candies drinks |
| Mint. Pineapple | mentha variegata | sauces teas jellies candies drinks |
| Mint. Spearmint | mentha spicata | sauces teas jellies candies drinks |
| MSG | glutamic acid ˙ | flavor enhancer powder |
| Mustard. Black | brassica nigra | sauces eggs roasts vegetables pickles use seeds |
| Mustard. White | brassica alba | leaves in soup use seeds |
| Nasturtium | tropaeolum majus | watercress -like flavor salads and leaves and blossoms as a garnish |
| Nutmeg | myristica fragrans | desserts spice blends sauces pasta vegetables potatoes relishes use grated |
| Onion | allium cepa | use in everything except desserts |
| Orange Blossoms | citrus sinensis | flavors water then used in desserts and sauces petals in salads eggs and garnish |
| Oregano | origanum vulgare | soups sauces stews roasts meat fish pasta breads eggs blossoms as a garnish |
| Paprika. Hot | capsicum frutescens | soups sauces stews meats fish vegetables |
| Paprika. Sweet | capsicum annuum | soups sauces stews meats fish vegetables |
| Parsley. Curly | petroselinum crispum | salads soups stews all meats and fish |
| Parsley. Italian | petroselinum crispum neapolitanum | salads soups stews all meats and fish |
| Pennyroyal | mentha pulegium | teas peppermint-like scent use caution as it may be poisonous to some people |
| Pepper Flakes | capsicum frutescens | soups sauces stews meats fish vegetables pasta pizza |
| Pepper. Black | piper nigrum | all foods except dessert maybe black pepper ice cream |
| Pepper. White | piper nigrum | all foods except dessert maybe black pepper ice cream white pepper comes from the same berry with the outer coating of the berry removed |
| Poppy Seeds | papaver somniferum | breads pastry desserts vegetables |
| Pot Marigold | calendula officinalis | salads |
| Poultry Seasoning | substitution | Equal parts sage thyme oregano and marjoram |
| Pumpkin Pie Spice | substitution | 4 parts cinnamon 2 parts ginger 1 part nutmeg 1 part allspice and dash of cloves |
| Pumpkin. Seeds | cucurbitaceae | sauces condiment garnish bread |
| Red Pepper (Chilies) | capsicum family | chili Spanish rice and barbecue sauce as well as meats salads and casseroles Mexican Indian Thai Szechuan |
| Rocambole | allium scorodoprasum | soups sauces roasts stews all meats fish game |
| Rocket | eruca sativa | salads fresh sauces |
| Rose | rosa | jams jellies desserts tea as rose hip tea petals as a garnish rose water chicken eggs sauces game |
| Rose Geranium | pelargonium graeolens | teas desserts |
| Rosemary | rosmarinus officinalis | roasts stews all meats some fish breads sauces oils |
| Rue | ruta graveolens | musty taste use with caution as some people could be allergic used in tea sandwiches soups chicken eggs vegetables |
| Sage | salvia officinalis | most dishes bread fried as a garnish |
| Savory. Summer | satureia hortensis | soups meats fish cheese eggs sauces |
| Savory. Winter | satreia montana | soups meats fish cheese eggs sauces |
| Scallions | allium cepa | use like onions or chives |
| Seasoning Salt | substitution | 1 cup salt 2 1 4 teaspoons paprika 2 teaspoons dry mustard 1 teaspoon dried oregano 1 teaspoon garlic powder and 1 2 teaspoon onion powder |
| Sesame | sesamum indicum | sauces oil desserts baking meats fish candy |
| Sesame. Black | sesamum nigrum | sauces oil desserts baking meats fish candy |
| Shallot | allium ascalonicum | use like onions has a fuller richer flavor pickles sauces condiments as additional use |
| Sorrel | rumex scutatus | sour lemon-like flavor use in salads sauces particularly good with fish |
| Southernwood | artemisia abrotanum | teas |
| Summer Savory | Satureja hotenis (mint) | peppery flavor soups stews bean dishes of any sort succotash cabbage and sauerkraut |
| Sumac | rhus coriaria | salad dressing marinades sauces |
| Tansy | tanacetum vulgare | flowers as a garnish yet may be poisonous to young children |
| Tarragon | artemisia dracunculus | salads soups sauces desserts fish chicken veal butters vinegar even tarragon ice cream |
| Thyme. Common | thymus vulgaris | soups sauces roasts stews meats fish vegetables game |
| Thyme. Lemon | thymus citriodorus | soups sauces roasts stews meats fish vegetables game even lemon thyme jelly |
| Thyme. Orange | thymus fragrantissimus | soups sauces roasts stews meats fish vegetables game |
| Turmeric | curcuma domestica | spice blends sauces dressings pickles fish poultry eggs looks like ginger root |
| Vanilla | vanilla planifolia | an orchid baked goods ice cream candy sauces desserts sometimes fish like lobster in vanilla sauce |
| Violet. Sweet | viola odorata | salads candy |
| Watercress | nasturtium officinale | salad cooked as a vegetable sauces cheese eggs |
| Wintergreen | gaultheria procumbens | wintergreen oil candies gum soft drinks birch beer |
| Woodruff | asperula odorata | used to flavor German May-wine and other drinks |
| Wormwood | artemisia absinthium | most famous as an ingredient of the liqueur absinthe |
The Benefits and sources of Herbs
